9/22/2023 0 Comments Tagspaces illustratorThus, in the present study, it was assumed that no signal strength information is given. Moreover, the inconsistency of signal strength reception, caused by multipath and interference in the presence of obstacles, is a practical problem in k-NN-based positioning. Instead, they simply indicate whether a tag is detected or not within the given detection range. However, for economical reasons, not all of the RFID tags produced are designed to provide signal strength information. In other words, the optimal interval of RFID distribution for k-NN-based positioning was derived. The objective of this study was to calculate the optimal detection range of an RFID-based positioning system in which the k-NN algorithm is used to determine the position of a moving reader. In k-NN positioning, the location of a reader can be calculated with k-detected reference tags the coordinates of which are known and contributed to the final value in the signal strength domain. The k-NN algorithm has been applied also to other positioning systems such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) based positioning systems. In an RFID-based positioning system, positions can be determined using the k nearest neighbor ( k-NN) algorithm. However, the tag-installing space, which is affected mainly by the detection range of the conducted tag, is an important issue, having a decisive impact on both positioning accuracy and economy. If tags are attached at several known locations, an RFID reader can communicate with them, and the position of the reader, thereby, can be determined. RFID is a powerful technology, not only for automated inspection/identification of products, but also for augmenting conventional positioning systems. Generally, a passive tag is cheaper and structurally simpler than an active tag, but the active tag provides more detection range. In contrast, an active RFID tag requires a power supply and transmits an RF signal. A passive RFID tag can operate without a power supply by reflecting an RF signal transmitted to it from the reader. RFID tags can be categorized as either passive or active. The basic concept is that the tag contains data that can be retrieved over the air by the interrogator. RFID technology uses electromagnetic energy as a medium for sending information its two basic elements are a reader, which is connected to a host computer, and a tag. Radio frequency identification (RFID), one of the suitable technologies for those purposes, also has been used to augment the system. There have been many efforts made to enhance the system, especially for indoor environments, for example, augmentation with an inertial navigation system (INS) or system. The drawbacks of the global positioning system (GPS), one of the most widely used positioning systems, are mispositioning in urban areas incorporating tall buildings and even worse performance in indoor environments. Ubiquitous positioning systems should be available not only for outdoor positioning but also indoor positioning environments. This is due to the fact that in wireless technologies and mobile computing environments, information from a sensor network is meaningful only when the physical location of the information source is determined. With the advent of the ubiquitous environment, new ubiquitous positioning systems have emerged.
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